the system of recording and summarizing business and financial transactions and analyzing, verifying, and reporting the results also : the principles and procedures of this system studied accounting as a freshman.

Best Accounts Classes for Commerce Students (CA/CMA/CS/B.com/11-12th) It is a systematic process of identifying, recording, measuring, classifying, verifying, summarizing, interpreting and communicating financial information. It reveals profit or loss for a given period, and the value and nature of a firm's assets, liabilities and owners' equity. Accounting provides information on the #BestAccountsClassesforCommerceStudents

Debentures issued as a collateral security Debentures issued as collateral security is secondary or parallel security for the original loan taken by the company. The lender can realize the collateral security in case borrower fails to make the payment of the original loan. #Debenturesissuedasacollateralsecurity

ISSUE OF DEBENTURES A debenture is a type of debt instrument unsecured by collateral. Since debentures have no collateral backing, debentures must rely on the creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer for support. Both corporations and governments frequently issue debentures to raise capital or funds #ISSUEOFDEBENTURES

Over Subscription and pro- rata Allotment Oversubscription and pro-rata allotment. Over subscription is the application money received for more than the number of shares offered to the public by a company. ... The company may reject some applicants in full, i.e., no shares are allotted to some applicants and application money is refunded. #OverSubscriptionandprorataAllotment

Shares Issued at Premium(section 52) A company issues its shares at a premium when the price at which it sells the shares is higher than their par value. This is quite common, since the par value is typically set at a minimal value, such as $0.01 per share. The amount of the premium is the difference between the par value and the selling price #SharesIssuedatPremium

Minimum Subscriptions of Shares Minimum subscription is the term which is used to represent the amount of the issue which has to be subscribed or else the shares can't be issued if it is not being subscribed #MinimumSubscriptionsofShares

TYPES OF SHARES Most classes of share will fall into one of the below categories of types of share: 1 Ordinary shares. 2 Deferred ordinary shares. 3 Non-voting ordinary shares. 4 Redeemable shares. 5 Preference shares. 6 Cumulative preference shares. 7 Redeemable preference shares #TYPESOFSHARES

What are the Different Types of Share Capital? Authorized Share Capital. Authorized Share Capital is the total Capital that a company accepts from its investors by issuing shares which are mentioned in the official document of the company. ... Issued Share Capital. ... Subscribed Capital. ... Called-Up Capital. ... Paid-Up Capital. #SHARECAPITALANDITSCATEGORIES

MEANING OF SHARES In simple Words, a share or stock is a document issued by a company, which entitles its holder to be one of the owners of the company. A share is issued by a company or can be purchased from the stock market. By purchasing a share you can earn a portion of the company and by selling the shares you get capital gain. #MEANINGOFSHARES

TYPES OF COMPANIES The most common types of companies are: Royal Chartered Companies. Statutory Companies. Registered or Incorporated Companies. Companies Limited By Shares. Companies Limited By Guarantee. Unlimited Companies. Public Company (or Public Limited Company) Private Company (or Private Limited Company) #TYPESOFCOMPANIES

SALIENT FEATURES OF A COMPANY Following are the broad features of a company: Incorporated Association: ... Independent Legal Entity: ... Separate Property: ... Perpetual Existence: ... Common Seal: ... Separation of Ownership and Management: ... Limited Liability: ... Transferability of Shares: #SALIENTFEATURESOFACOMPANY

FINAL ACCOUNT OF MANUFACTURING ENTITIES The manufacturing entities generally prepare a separate Manufacturing Account as a part of Final accounts in addition to Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. ... Manufacturing costs of finished goods are then transferred from the Manufacturing Account to Trading Account. #FINALACCOUNTOFMANUFACTURINGENTITIES

What is a BALANCE SHEET In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position or statement of financial condition is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization #WhatisaBALANCESHEET

FINAL ACCOUNTS OF NON-MANUFACTURING ENTITIES In other words, non-manufacturing entities do not process the goods purchased and sell them in its original form. Meanwhile it indulges in some liabilities, makes some assets and also incurs some expenses like salaries, stationary expenses, advertisement, rent etc to run the business #FINALACCOUNTSOFNONMANUFACTURINGENTITIES